Institutional Investors
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Index Funds and Corporate Governance: Let Shareholders be Shareholders
Index funds and indexed ETFs managed by the “Big Three” – BlackRock, Vanguard and State Street – have grown to be the largest investors i
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Is The Stock Market Biased Against Diverse Top Management Teams?
Stock market investors are becoming increasingly vocal about the diversity of corporate leadership teams, following a global trend to eng
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Opt-In Stewardship: Toward an Optimal Delegation of Mutual Fund Voting Authority
Corporate ownership around the world rests largely in the hands of institutional intermediaries. Even in U.S., once a bastion of re
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The Importance of Climate Risks for Institutional Investors
Climate risks have potentially large effects on investors’ portfolio companies.
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The Specter of the Giant Three
The world’s largest three investment managers—BlackRock, Vanguard, and State Street Global Advisors—control a large, and steadily growing
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The Costs and Benefits of Shareholder Democracy
Firms with strong corporate governance are often likened to democracies.
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Institutional Investors' Impact on the Terms and Outcome of Freeze-out Tender Offers
Freezeout tender offers are offers by the controlling shareholders to purchase all publically traded shares.
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