Recasting Private Equity Funds after the Financial Crisis: The End of ?Two and Twenty? and the Emergence of Co-Investment and Separate Account Arrangements

This article examines the post-financial crisis trends in the private equity industry. Although most research has followed the pre-crisis trends, we show that investors are
demanding the inclusion of more investor-favorable compensation terms in limited partnership agreements. Our findings suggest that these new terms not only provide the
investors with more favorable management fee and profit distribution arrangements, but
also give them more control over the fund?s investment decisions. Importantly, the new
pattern also reveals the inclusion of more straightforward co-investment rights. Besides
the contractual ?improvements?, we observe that investors want to see more skin in the
game from the managers/general partners.