Twentieth century Japan provides a remarkable laboratory for examining how an externally imposed institutional and regulatory intervention affects the ownership of corporations. In the first half of the century, Japan had weak legal protection but strong institutional arrangements. The institutions were dismantled after the war and replaced by a strong form of legal protection.
This inversion resulted in a switch from Japan being a country in which equity markets flourished and ownership was dispersed in the first half of the century to one in which banks and companies dominated with interlocking shareholdings in the second half of the century.
The paper proposes a framework for judicial review of board decisions that have been augmented by an AI. It starts from the assumption that the law treats...
This introductory chapter provides the reader with some figures about institutional investors’ role in the governance of listed companies in the US...